Scientists of Electromagnetism

 

Scientists of Electromagnetism

At school we were asked to do a work on electromagnetism. Therefore, we decided to research some scientists who contributed a lot to the study of electromagnetism. This is what we found:

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is a branch of physics that studies the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Oersted

Hans Christian Oersted was born in 1777 and was an important Danish scholar of the 19^th century. XVIII for the development of electromagnetism.

In the past, electrical and magnetic phenomena were still understood as independent. However, the scientific community already found evidence of a relationship between magnetism and electricity.

Therefore, Oersted conducted an experiment that proved the relationship between the two phenomena, starting the path to the development of electromagnetism. This experiment consisted of placing a conductive wire near a compass that caused the compass needle to move, so Oersted concluded that moving electric charges generate a magnetic field that interfered with the compass.

Faraday

            Michael Faraday whose experimental work on electromagnetism led to great scientific and technological advances.

First, we start by defining magnetic flux, which is given by the product of the intensity of the magnetic flux (B) with the surface area (A) and the cosine of the angle between the direction of (B) and a vector perpendicular to the surface.

Based on the concept of flux, faraday obtained some results, this experiment shows a procedure of Faraday where the magnet when at rest to the coil the lamp does not light up but when the magnet sometimes approaches or moves away from the coil it creates electric current and so the lamp lights up.

That’s what Faraday concluded, in a circuit, electric current will only arise, which he calls induced current, if there is a variation in the magnetic flux. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction.

Hertz

When we hear and speak we are communicating through sound waves, but the intensity of these waves decreases with distance. That’s why sound does not allow communication over long distances. There is, however, a solution which is electromagnetic waves.

The theory of electromagnetism was established by James Maxwell and concluded that the electric field and the magnetic field propagate as waves.

Later, Henrich Hertz, who was a German physicist born in 1857, experimentally proved Maxwell’s theory, and the unit of frequency of the International System of Units was named in his honor.

Hertz was able to communicate between two antennas using electromagnetic waves.

Later, Marconi, with the production and reception of increasingly distant electromagnetic waves, in 1951 managed to carry out the first intercontinental communication, using electromagnetic waves.

This whole process helped in the development of new means of communication, such as radio, radar and television.

Tesla

Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in the former Austrian Empire. He studied engineering and physics, but never got a degree.

In 1884 he emigrated to the United States where he began to develop his own research, after working at the Edison Machine Work company. Tesla created laboratories and companies where he invented a wide variety of electrical and mechanical devices such as the Tesla coil and developed his own Alternating current model.

He also made important contributions to the invention of the Radio and the discovery of the X ray

Tesla died on January 7, 1943 in New York.

Work done by:

Gonçalo Pereira N° 7 --- Oersted

Gustavo Morgado N° 8 --- Faraday

José Pedro N° 13 --- Hertz

Martim Fonseca N° 15 --- Tesla